![]() ![]() Overall, the evidence suggests that the usual, L2 acquisition-specific factors, such as age of onset or length of residence, are no longer at play to predict L2 fluency. ![]() This leaves room for interpretation as to why we find an aging effect. Whereas the mean number of silent pauses and repairs increases, syllable duration decreases. Multifactorial analyses yielded significant effects of age at interview. Interviewees’ ages of onset ranged from 7 to 17, whereas their ages at interview ranged from 57 to 87. Multiple measures of utterance fluency were applied to four-minute speech fragments originating from 102 spontaneous oral interviews. L2 fluency was conceptualized in terms of utterance fluency for which speed, breakdown and repair fluency were distinguished. The present study investigated which factors would best predict second-language (L2) fluency in a group of long-term L2 speakers of different English varieties with German as their first language. A 10% shortening caused sentences spoken by late bilinguals to sound less foreign accented but it caused sentences spoken by early bilinguals to sound more foreign accented.Īims and objectives/purpose/research questions The perceptual effect of sentence duration was evaluated in Experiment 3, where pairs of English sentences differing in duration were presented to NE-speaking listeners for foreign accent ratings. The results were interpreted to mean that the late bilinguals produced longer English sentences than the early bilinguals because they needed to expend more resources to suppress their Italian subsystem than the early bilinguals. Subgroups of bilinguals who reported using Italian often M=46% Italian use) but not seldom (M=8%) were found to have produced significantly longer English sentences than native English (NE) speakers did. The same countervailing pattern was evident in Experiment 2, where bilinguals shortened sentences by 20% when instructed to repeat sentences as rapidly as possible. The early bilinguals produced shorter English than Italian sentences, whereas the late bilinguals showed the opposite pattern. In Experiment 1, Italians who immigrated to Canada either between the age of 2–13 years (“early bilinguals”) or 15–28 years (“late bilinguals”) repeated matched English and Italian sentences following an aural model. There are also working documents for running GPHP, letters requesting future interviews with Georgia’s political leaders, Georgia Churchill Society and Carroll County Historical Society documents, and Mel Steely’s personal file of thank you notes.The primary aim of this study was to account for the finding that late bilinguals produce longer English sentences than early bilinguals. Such interviews include Governors Ellis Arnall, George Busbee, and Lester Maddox President Jimmy Carter Senator David Gambrell and Congressmen Howard Callaway and Jack Flynt, among others. #MACKAY 1999 SLA SERIES#The 2019 Additions series contains lists of the interviews and time stamp documents for many of the interviews conducted. ![]() Interviewees discuss their involvement and activities within Georgia, regional, and national politics, touching on subjects from segregation and civil rights to the Vietnam War, as well as issues specific to Georgia. ![]() Mel Steely, Professor Emeritus of the UWG History Department, to capture the memory of Georgia's political leaders as they relate their roles in the context of state and national politics. This collection contains video and audiotaped interviews, transcripts, correspondence, research files, and other materials pertaining to the Georgia's Political Hertiage Program.Īudio and motion picture oral history interviews with prominent current and former Georgia political figures representing political history since World War II which were conducted as part of the Georgia's Political Heritage Program (GPHP). ![]()
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